Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) can be described as a form that uses positive pressure to ventilate the airways that uses the same pressure that is greater that atmospheric pressure applied to an individual’s airways.
This was the very first time Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) was employed to aid newborn babies in breathing.
It has been demonstrated to be a successful method to prevent failure of extubation, is utilized for the treatment of preterm apnoea and is now being widely accepted as an alternative to intubation and ventilatory for the treatment of RDS. (RDS).
For infants suffering from newborn respiratory distress syndrome(IRDS) and bubble CPAP is an non-invasive ventilatory method. It is among the methods for providing continuously positive pressure (CPAP) for a non-supra breathing infant to avoid alveolar desecruitment and ensure lung volumes are maintained throughout expiration.
The main objective in this research was to determine how infants receiving Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure did in terms of breathing difficulties.
It reduces the need for artificial ventilation, and in turn, decreases the time spent in the hospital.
SHOULD NASAL CPAP BE USED FOR RESPIRATORY DISTRESS FROM BIRTH?
The purpose that continuous positive pressure (CPAP) as a principal support for newborns who are very premature who suffer from respiratory distress syndrome at birth is not clear. Historically, ventilation and intubation after birth were used to help with respiratory issues for newborns who are very premature. Nasal CPAP was previously employed to assist more large newborns for a period of time after birth. However, the use of CPAP immediately after birth to assist newborns who are at risk for RDS becomes more widespread.
How does it work
Bubble CPAP is a popular choice for parents because of its simplicity of use and safety, effectiveness as well as its low cost for treating respiratory problems in infants. It is more effective over mechanical nasal CPAP since the bubbling permits air exchange within the respiratory distal units. The bubble nasal CPAP has a superiority over mechanical nasal CPAP since the bubbling facilitates air exchange within the respiratory distal units.
A humidified oxygen source and a pressure generator along with an airway-interface device comprise what is known as the Bubble CPAP System. Three different methods can be employed to generate pressure:
First, the expiratory tension is adjusted by means of the valve that regulates expiratory pressure on the ventilator;
The pressure is produced by regulating the flow of inspiratory air or altering the resistance of expiration.
In the end, the bubble CPAP method produces the positive pressure, by submerging tube’s end of the expiratory. The pressure is managed by altering the tube’s depth below the surface of the water.
The Air/O2 Blender built-in can be connected with an oxygen source, and utilizes compressed air to provide an appropriate amount in inspired oxygen (FiO2) which could range between 21% and 100 percent. The oxygen mixed from the humidifier is transported into corrugated tubing.
In Bubble CPAP the positive pressure of the circuit is created by submerging the distal tubing of the expiratory in the water column to an appropriate depth instead of employing an adjustable resistor. The desired pressure will be established by how long the tubing is submerged.
When the gas leaves into the tubing, it creates bubbles that trigger little airway pressure fluctuations which improve the exchange of gas and breathing function of the newborn. A humidity level that is greater than 33 mg/l improves mucociliary clearance and decreases the effort required to breathe.
It is essential to apply the nasal interface to the infant without causing air leakage , while being cautious to avoid the risk of trauma to the nose.
It must be inspected and drained on a frequent on a regular.
Application in Clinical Practice
It has also been demonstrated that using CPAP decreases the need to transfer up-to-date patients to higher centers.
Utilizing CPAP earlier in the course of the disease, prior to when the alveolar collapse is apparent, can be more effective than later CPAP in regards to decreasing lung damage and improving the function of the lung and surfactant pool, particularly in infants with low birth weights and preterm infants in comparison to the prior CPAP epoch.
Early CPAP On contrary was not associated with mortality overall, BPD, or pneumothorax.
Intubation, surfactant medications and mechanical ventilatory were employed as a way to manage severely preterm newborns.
Neonates have been stabilized recently by CPAP Cannulaide immediately following resuscitation within the room where they were born.
When utilized early in the room of delivery for extremely newborns (gestation 28 weeks) whether prophylactically or in the early stages of rescue, CPAP was associated with the reduction of 50% in the necessity to intubate, medical ventilator, and use of surfactants in comparison to mechanical ventilation with and without the use of surfactant’.
In the end this means that the earlier CPAP stabilisation and the provision of a rescue surfactant is the first choice for newborns who are preterm at 28 weeks gestation.
Other conditions that can cause alveolar collapse or narrowing of the airway might be helped by CPAP. It assists in reducing some of the signs and symptoms associated with heart problems caused by a patent arteriosus ductus.
CPAP is commonly used to treat pneumonia infant transitory tachypnea the postoperative control of respiratory function, lung edoema and pulmonary hemorrhage.
Positive pressure therapy (CPAP) has been used to treat laryngo/tracheo/bronchomalacia because it expands the big airways and prevents them from collapsing, especially during expiration.
In comparison to mechanical ventilation as compared to when compared to mechanical ventilation, CPAP can treat between 10 and 20 neonates at the same amount that treating one with a different nasal device. It is also associated with lower incidences of the condition known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
